A growing number of children and young adults in the United States are grappling with persistent and severe health issues, many of which are preventable. New research, based on a long-term survey of over 230,000 young people, shows that chronic conditions like asthma and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are on the rise, and the impacts could last into adulthood.
RISING TREND IN CHRONIC HEALTH CONDITIONS
According to the findings, nearly one in three young people in the U.S. — about 30% — are living with chronic conditions or functional limitations. This marks a significant increase from 23% in 1999. The data underscores a disturbing trend: the number of children and young adults facing severe, activity-limiting health concerns is growing.
For children aged 5 to 17, conditions like ADHD, autism, and asthma are driving the rise in chronic health issues. Among young adults between 18 and 25, asthma, seizures, epilepsy, and pre-diabetes are the leading culprits. In addition, increasing functional limitations in children are often linked to speech disorders. These limitations are also associated with musculoskeletal problems, depression, anxiety, and other mental health issues.
DISPARITIES AND RISK FACTORS: WHO IS MOST AFFECTED?
The study highlights that these health issues disproportionately affect certain groups. Children with chronic conditions are more likely to come from low-income households, with many having public insurance. This demographic also faces barriers to accessing proper care as they transition from pediatric to adult health services.
“Most youth with chronic conditions need lifelong health and social services. Still, our system is not prepared for smooth transitions to adult-focused care,” says Dr. Niraj Sharma, a pediatrician and co-author of the study. “This puts many young people at risk of disengaging from care and experiencing worsening health issues.”
A LOOMING CRISIS: THE NEED FOR A LIFELONG CARE APPROACH
The study authors, Lauren Wisk and Niraj Sharma, emphasize the importance of investing in healthcare systems. These systems should support young people through their entire lifespan. Proper care throughout childhood, adolescence, and adulthood is crucial for maintaining long-term health. It ensures these individuals can fully participate in education, work, and social life.
As Wisk explains, “We should invest in supporting youth in engaging appropriately with healthcare. This will protect their health and well-being. It will also ensure they can thrive in all aspects of life.”
GAPS IN DATA: THE PANDEMIC’S IMPACT AND THE NEED FOR CONTINUED MONITORING
Unfortunately, the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), the survey that provided the data for this study, no longer collects as much detailed information about chronic conditions as of 2019. This poses challenges in tracking ongoing trends in youth health. It also complicates understanding how the COVID-19 pandemic may have influenced childhood mental and physical health.
“We need new and creative ways to monitor the health of our nation’s youth. This is essential if we want to continue studying this population effectively,” says Wisk.
ADDRESSING THE ROOT CAUSES
To tackle the rising prevalence of chronic conditions among young people, a multifaceted approach is needed. This involves addressing the underlying socioeconomic factors. It also means ensuring smooth transitions from pediatric to adult care. Another critical step is investing in early interventions to prevent or mitigate the development of these conditions. Without proper attention, these young individuals may face lifelong health challenges. Such challenges affect not only their well-being but also their ability to contribute to society.
