While most people are familiar with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, fewer know about Type 1.5 diabetes, also known as latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). Recently, this condition gained more attention when Lance Bass, former member of the pop band NSYNC, revealed his diagnosis. Here’s what you need to know about Type 1.5 diabetes, how it’s diagnosed, and its treatment.
TYPE 1, 2 DIABETES
Diabetes mellitus refers to a group of conditions characterized by elevated blood glucose (sugar) levels. The most common types are Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, but there are over ten types in total.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder in which the body’s immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. This condition typically develops in children or young adults and requires daily insulin therapy.
Type 2 diabetes is more common in adults and occurs when the body’s cells become resistant to insulin. Over time, the pancreas cannot produce enough insulin to manage blood sugar levels. Treatment often includes lifestyle changes, oral medications, and sometimes insulin therapy.
HOW TYPE 1.5 DIABETES DIFFERS FROM TYPES 1 AND 2
Type 1.5 diabetes shares characteristics with both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. Like Type 1, it’s an autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks insulin-producing cells. However, the progression is slower, and it typically doesn’t require insulin immediately. Most people with Type 1.5 diabetes are diagnosed after age 30, a later onset than Type 1 but earlier than most Type 2 diagnoses.
Genetic and autoimmune risk factors for Type 1.5 diabetes are similar to those for Type 1, including specific gene variants. However, lifestyle factors like obesity and physical inactivity, often linked to Type 2 diabetes, can also influence the development of Type 1.5 diabetes.
SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF TYPE 1.5 DIABETES
Common Symptoms
Symptoms of Type 1.5 diabetes can vary widely. Some people may not experience any symptoms, while others may notice:
- Increased thirst
- Frequent urination
- Fatigue
- Blurred vision
- Unintentional weight loss
Treatment Approaches
Initially, Type 1.5 diabetes is often managed with oral medications to maintain normal blood glucose levels. Regular blood glucose monitoring is essential. Over time, as the condition progresses, insulin therapy may become necessary. However, there is no universally accepted treatment strategy for Type 1.5 diabetes.
CHALLENGE OF DIAGNOSING TYPE 1.5 DIABETES
Type 1.5 diabetes is often misdiagnosed as Type 2 diabetes. Lance Bass’s experience reflects a common issue—an estimated 5–10% of Type 1.5 diabetes cases are initially mistaken for Type 2 diabetes. This misdiagnosis can delay appropriate treatment, leading to potential health complications.
Accurately diagnosing Type 1.5 diabetes requires special antibody tests to detect autoimmune markers. These tests are not always routine due to cost or lack of awareness among healthcare professionals. The similar symptoms and initial insulin production in Type 1.5 diabetes can also lead to confusion with Type 2 diabetes.
ONGOING RESEARCH AND AWARENESS
Despite growing awareness, Type 1.5 diabetes remains less understood compared to Type 1 and Type 2. Research is ongoing to determine how common this condition is, particularly in non-European populations. A 2023 estimate suggests that Type 1.5 diabetes accounts for about 8.9% of all diabetes cases, similar to Type 1.
A correct diagnosis is crucial for receiving the most appropriate treatment, minimizing health complications, and reducing diabetes-related stress. If you suspect you have diabetes or are unsure about a diagnosis, consult your doctor and monitor your symptoms closely.
