Millions of South African women might be using menstrual products containing dangerous hormone-disrupting chemicals without knowing it. Recent research conducted by the University of the Free State (UFS) uncovered these toxic substances in popular brands.
Even products marketed as “free from harmful chemicals” contained at least two endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Consequently, this study raises serious questions regarding consumer safety and the transparency of product labelling for the general public.
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The Chemicals Found in Pads and Liners
The UFS research team analyzed sixteen brands of sanitary pads and eight types of pantyliners found in retail stores. Specifically, they focused on detecting Phthalates, Bisphenols (including BPA), and Parabens within these common hygiene items. The results showed that Bisphenols were present in every sanitary pad and seventy-five percent of the pantyliners tested. Furthermore, researchers found Phthalates in all pantyliners, while Parabens appeared in over eighty percent of the pads.
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How Toxic Chemicals Enter Your Body
These chemicals may not be added intentionally but often migrate from plastics and adhesives during the manufacturing process. Heat-pressing techniques can cause these substances to move into the top layer that touches the skin directly. Moreover, the mucosal tissue in the vaginal area absorbs chemicals much more readily than normal external skin. Because most users rely on these products for decades, the main concern remains the cumulative effect of repeated exposure.
Health Implications and Regulatory Gaps
Long-term exposure to endocrine disruptors is linked to hormonal imbalances, fertility issues, endometriosis, and even certain types of cancer. Unfortunately, existing South African standards focus largely on microbiological safety and absorbency rather than chemical composition. Manufacturers are generally not required to disclose the full chemical makeup of their products to the average consumer. This lack of oversight creates a significant transparency gap that leaves many women at a higher risk.
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Q&A: Understanding the Study Findings
Q: Where do these chemicals come from?
They often migrate from plastics, adhesives, and manufacturing processes like heat-pressing rather than being intentionally added.
Q: Why is the vaginal area more vulnerable to these chemicals?
The mucosal tissue in this area is highly permeable and absorbs chemicals much faster than other parts of the body.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What were the specific chemicals found in the study?
Researchers identified Phthalates, Bisphenols (including BPA), and Parabens in the tested sanitary pads and pantyliners.
How can I identify safer menstrual products?
Look for products certified under the OEKO-TEX Standard 100, which is a recognized international safety certification.
Are reusable menstrual products a safer alternative?
Yes, researchers suggest considering reusable alternatives and are currently developing antimicrobial reusable pads at UFS.
Does South Africa have laws against these chemicals? Currently, there are no specific national standards in South Africa that regulate the levels of these chemicals in menstrual products.
