Social isolation and loneliness are increasingly recognized as serious health risks. New research reveals these conditions may heighten the chances of heart disease, stroke, and even infections. The findings, published in Nature Human Behaviour, draw on a comprehensive study of over 42,000 adults. The study showcases the biological mechanisms behind these health risks.
The study was led by scientists from the University of Cambridge and Fudan University. They analyzed blood samples from participants in the UK Biobank. By examining the proteins in these samples, the researchers aimed to understand how social isolation and loneliness impact human health. Proteins are key molecules that help regulate bodily functions. Some proteins are linked to diseases such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
SOCIAL ISOLATION VS. LONELINESS: A COMPLEX CONNECTION
Social isolation is objectively measured by factors like living alone, social activity frequency, and contact with others. Loneliness, yet, is subjective, based on whether individuals feel disconnected. The study revealed that both conditions are linked to significant changes in protein levels. These changes may contribute to poor health outcomes.
PROTEINS LINKED TO INFLAMMATION, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, AND MORE
The analysis found 175 proteins related to social isolation and 26 linked to loneliness. Many of these proteins involved in inflammation, immune response, and heart disease. Some of the proteins identified are also connected to conditions like stroke and early death. The research team used advanced techniques, including Mendelian randomization. This helped to identify proteins whose levels increase as a direct result of loneliness.
KEY PROTEINS REVEALED: ADM AND ASGR1
Among the proteins found to be higher in lonely individuals was ADM. This protein plays a role in stress regulation. It is linked to hormones like oxytocin, the “love hormone.” Oxytocin helps reduce stress and improve mood. The study found that higher ADM levels were associated with changes in brain structures and an increased risk of early death.
ASGR1, another protein identified, is associated with higher cholesterol levels and cardiovascular disease. Other proteins were linked to insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, and even cancer progression.
THE SCIENCE BEHIND LONELINESS AND ITS HEALTH RISKS
Professor Jianfeng Feng, from the University of Warwick, explained that AI is revolutionizing our understanding of human health. Advanced proteomics techniques are also playing a significant role. The research identifies specific proteins linked to loneliness. This helps us understand why social connections are so crucial for maintaining good health.
THE GROWING PUBLIC HEALTH CRISIS
Professor Barbara Sahakian from the University of Cambridge emphasized the importance of social contact for wellbeing. Loneliness has become an increasingly common issue for people of all ages. The World Health Organization has recognized it as a global public health concern. The research underscores the need for solutions to tackle loneliness and keep people connected for better health.
