In a significant breakthrough, researchers from Case Western Reserve University unravel the molecular mystery behind insulin dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. The discovery of the novel enzyme SCAN sheds light on the role of nitric oxide (NO), providing potential targets for future treatments and offering hope to over half a billion people worldwide affected by this condition.
THE NITRIC OXIDE CONNECTION
Jonathan Stamler and his team delve into the connection between nitric oxide (NO) and insulin functionality. Nitric oxide, known for its role as a messenger molecule, is crucial in various physiological functions, and dysregulation has been linked to conditions like multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, sickle cell disease, and asthma. The researchers suspect an overlooked role of NO in certain types of diabetes.
SCAN ENZYME DISCOVERY
The team identifies a novel enzyme, SCAN (SNO-CoA-assisted nitrosylase), that plays a key role in S-nitrosylation, the process of attaching NO to target proteins like insulin receptors. In individuals with insulin resistance, SCAN activity appears heightened. In mouse models of diabetes, inhibiting SCAN resulted in the absence of classic symptoms, suggesting a potential link between an overabundance of NO and type 2 diabetes.
POTENTIAL TREATMENT AVENUES
The findings open avenues for potential treatments by targeting enzymes like SCAN involved in NO-related mechanisms. By blocking the SCAN enzyme, scientists may explore new treatments for some types of type 2 diabetes. While the research provides hope, the complexity of diabetes necessitates different avenues for treating type I diabetes, primarily caused by a lack of insulin production.
Jonathan Stamler’s Perspective: Jonathan Stamler emphasizes the significance of the study, stating, “This paper shows that dedicated enzymes mediate the many effects of nitric oxide.” He highlights the potential for new treatments for various diseases by understanding the role of enzymes in mediating the effects of NO on proteins, presenting a promising avenue for future research.
