The global forest products sector bounced back in 2024 after a steep 14% trade drop in 2023. International trade in wood and paper products grew modestly, reaching $486 billion in exports. This recovery signals renewed momentum across key categories like panels and pulp, says a report from FAO.
Global exports climbed $7 billion, or 1.4%, exceeding pre-2021 peaks. Non-wood forest products hit $25 billion, highlighting diverse economic roles. Production rose in most areas: wood-based panels jumped 5% to 393 million cubic meters, while wood pulp increased 3% to 189 million tonnes.
Furthermore, recovered paper consumption edged up 1% to 243 million tonnes, supporting circular economies. These gains reflect regional recoveries, with Latin America and Asia-Pacific leading in pulp and pellets.
Question: Why did trade stabilize? Pent-up demand and bioenergy policies fueled growth after economic headwinds eased.
Production Trends by Category
Industrial roundwood removals grew 2% to 1.96 billion cubic meters, though trade dipped 1%. Sawnwood output held steady globally, with Latin America up 2% offsetting North America’s 2% decline.
Wood pellets rebounded to 48 million tonnes, matching 2022 levels. Europe and North America dominate production at 47% and 28%, but Asia-Pacific’s share rose to 22%. Trade hit 31 million tonnes, driven by Europe’s 70% consumption share.
| Category | Production Change | Trade Change | Key Notes |
| Industrial Roundwood | +2% (1.96B m³) | -1% | Harvest for non-energy uses |
| Sawnwood | Stable | No change | Regional variations evident |
| Wood-based Panels | +5% (393M m³) | +6% | All regions grew |
| Wood Pulp | +3% (189M tonnes) | +2% | China, Brazil lead supply |
| Wood Pellets | Stable (48M tonnes) | N/A | Bioenergy demand surges |
| Recovered Paper | +1% (243M tonnes) | N/A | Global consumption rises |
Regional Shifts and Drivers
Asia-Pacific boosted its wood pellet share from 14% in 2020 to 22% in 2024. South America’s pulp prowess grew via Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay. Europe stabilized sawnwood while dominating pellet use.
FAO Director-General QU Dongyu emphasized forests’ rising role: “Forests support millions of livelihoods and offer opportunities in sustainable wood production.” Bioenergy targets in Europe, Korea, and Japan propel pellets forward.
However, challenges persist. Over-reliance on exports risks supply chains, urging sustainable harvesting.
Sustainability and Future Outlook
Forests underpin livelihoods worldwide, with production growth broadening industrial ties. Yet, balancing trade with conservation remains key. Expect continued pellet demand as renewables expand.
Question: Can the sector sustain this recovery? Yes, if policies prioritize reforestation and efficient use.
Q&A: FAO Report Insights
Q: What caused the 2023 decline?
A: Economic slowdowns slashed trade 14% across wood and paper products.
Q: Which region leads wood pulp trade?
A: China and South America, with trade hitting a record 73 million tonnes.
Q: How do wood pellets fit bioenergy?
A: They power 70% of Europe’s consumption, aiding decarbonization goals.
Q: Is global production balanced?
A: Gains span regions, but trade lags in roundwood due to local use.
FAQ
What’s the biggest growth area in 2024?
Wood-based panels expanded 5% in production and 6% in trade across all regions.
How does recovered paper factor in?
It supports recycling, with 1% consumption growth to 243 million tonnes.
Why focus on non-wood products?
Exports reached $25 billion, diversifying forest economies beyond timber.
What risks face the sector?
Supply volatility and sustainability pressures could slow gains without investment.
