A systematic review from the University of Sharjah reveals garlic extract mouthwash has antimicrobial effects comparable to chlorhexidine, the gold standard antiseptic. Though garlic may cause more discomfort, it offers longer-lasting residual activity.
Based on five clinical trials identified from 389 articles, researchers followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines and the PICO framework to evaluate garlic extract’s clinical efficacy against chlorhexidine.
The studies showed higher concentrations of garlic extract matched chlorhexidine’s antimicrobial performance, but effectiveness varied by concentration and application duration. Some favored chlorhexidine for maintaining higher plaque/salivary pH, while others found garlic more effective at certain doses.
Side Effects and Patient Acceptance
Garlic mouthwash caused burning sensations and an unpleasant odor more often than chlorhexidine, potentially limiting patient acceptance. Still, reported side effects were typically milder than those from synthetic chemicals.
The review suggests garlic’s natural antimicrobial properties, especially from the compound allicin, may justify its use as a herbal alternative. However, the discomfort and smell remain barriers to widespread adoption.
Garlic’s Role in Oral and Dental Care
Garlic’s antibacterial and antifungal effects are well known, with ongoing global demand reflected by a $15 billion garlic extract market in 2024. It functions against bacteria, fungi, and viruses involved in gingivitis, dental caries, periodontal disease, and halitosis.
Garlic extract is readily available over-the-counter, unlike chlorhexidine, which usually requires prescription. This accessibility could make garlic a useful adjunct in oral hygiene, especially for patients seeking natural remedies.
Research Gaps and Future Directions
Authors emphasize the need for larger clinical trials with longer follow-ups to confirm garlic mouthwash’s effectiveness and improve clinical application. Most existing studies vary in methods and give predominately in vitro data, lacking standardization.
Future research must focus on standardizing garlic extract formulations and optimizing doses to balance antimicrobial benefits with patient comfort.
Q&A Section
Q: How does garlic extract mouthwash compare to chlorhexidine?
A: It offers similar antimicrobial effects but may cause more odor and burning sensations.
Q: What is the key antimicrobial compound in garlic?
A: Allicin is primarily responsible for garlic’s antimicrobial action.
Q: Why consider garlic mouthwash over chlorhexidine?
A: It is a natural alternative with fewer synthetic chemicals, possibly reducing resistance concerns.
Q: Are garlic mouthwashes readily available?
A: Yes, they are often available over-the-counter unlike chlorhexidine which mostly requires prescriptions.
Q: What oral conditions might garlic mouthwash help with?
A: Gingivitis, dental caries, periodontitis, halitosis, and fungal infections like denture stomatitis.
