The curse of longevity, in the form of dementia, stands as a formidable challenge that demands immediate attention and concerted efforts from individuals, communities, and government. As we navigate the complexities of an aging population, prioritizing brain health, investing in research, and developing comprehensive care and support systems are essential steps toward alleviating the impact of dementia and fostering a future where longevity is a blessing rather than a curse.
Range of cognitive disorders
Dementia is not a specific disease but a term encompassing a range of cognitive disorders, with Alzheimer’s disease being the most common form. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. As individuals age, the risk of developing dementia increases, posing a significant threat to cognitive function and overall well-being.
While aging is a primary risk factor, genetics and lifestyle choices also play crucial roles.Individuals with a family history of dementia may be genetically predisposed to the condition.
However, lifestyle factors such as diet, physical activity, and cardiovascular health can influence the risk of its developing.
ADDRESSING THE ISSUE
Addressing modifiable risk factors becomes imperative in the quest to mitigate the impact.
Early detection is critical for implementing interventions that can slow down the progression of the disease. Currently, there is no cure for most forms of dementia, making research into effective treatments and preventive measures a priority in the scientific community.
An increasing number of people in their mid-40s to mid-50s, who comprise the working population are being detected with various forms of dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, and other cognitive disorders, something that had typically affected senior citizens, especially those above 65.
A recent pan-India study (2023) conducted by the researchers from University of Southern California and AIIMS-Delhi, in collaboration with 18 other medical institutes of the country found that it is prevalent among an estimated
7. 4% of the country’s elderly people, which means 9 million individuals aged 60 years and older suffer from the debilitating ailment that affects memory and cognitive function.
According to the study the prevalence of dementia in J&K is the highest in the country at 11%. While Delhi has shown the lowest prevalence at 4.5%, with neighbouring Haryana having a prevalence of 5.8%. Other states with worrying prevalence include Odisha and West Bengal at 9.9% and 9.2%, respectively. Maharashtra has also been identified as one of 11 states where dementia prevalence is higher than the national average.
Diagnosing poses challenges as symptoms may be subtle and vary among individuals.
Dementia not only erodes memory but also impairs a person’s ability to perform daily activities and make sound judgments. This places an immense burden on affected individuals and their families, who often become primary caregivers.
The emotional toll, financial strain, and the challenges of providing round-the-clock care contribute to the profound impact of dementia on the quality of life for both patients and their loved ones.
(Dr Naresh Purohit is Executive Member, Indian Academy of Neurosciences. The views and opinion expressed in this article are those of the author)
