Changes to land use directly heighten the risk of diseases spreading from animals to humans. A new study from the University of Stirling highlights this growing threat. Dr Adam Fell led the research team at the Faculty of Natural Sciences.
The Drivers of Zoonotic Disease
Human activities are altering natural landscapes at an incredible pace. Deforestation and intensive farming are primary drivers of this change. Furthermore, fast-growing cities and fragmented habitats increase the danger. These factors heighten the risk of zoonotic diseases like Covid-19 and malaria.
Usually, natural ecological barriers limit the transmission of these illnesses. However, modern land use disrupts these important barriers. Consequently, people and wildlife now come into much closer contact. This proximity makes it easier for new diseases to emerge.
The Dual Nature of Ecosystem Restoration
There is a growing global investment in restoring degraded environments. This work helps tackle biodiversity loss and climate change. Nevertheless, restoration can sometimes have unintended consequences.
Dr Fell warns that restoration might temporarily increase certain health risks. For example, early-stage reforestation can attract mosquitoes and ticks. Therefore, understanding these risks is essential for long-term health benefits. Protecting existing wetlands and natural habitats remains a safer strategy. These actions are frequently linked to lower risks of mosquito-borne diseases.
Addressing the Global Research Gap
Most research on land use and disease occurs in wealthy nations. Unfortunately, the greatest risks often exist in lower-income regions. Parts of Africa, Southeast Asia, and Latin America lack detailed studies.
To bridge this gap, researchers identified 50 priority locations for new studies. They also developed an open online atlas for policymakers. This tool allows public health officials to target future actions more accurately.
The One Health Approach
The study strongly supports the One Health approach . This strategy shows that environmental restoration is a solution to disease risks . However, these projects must be carefully designed and monitored .
When done correctly, restoration reduces the chances of new diseases emerging . Dr Adam Fell notes that this work protects both people and nature . It ensures that restoring the planet does not accidentally add to health risks .
Q&A: Land Use and Human Health
How does deforestation lead to human disease? Deforestation brings people into closer contact with wildlife carriers like bats and rodents. It also removes natural barriers that stop disease spread.
Can planting trees actually be dangerous? Certain tree planting projects can increase mosquito or tick-borne diseases during early stages. Careful planning is required to avoid these health risks.
What is the RESTOREID project? It stands for “Restoring Ecosystems to Stop the Threat of Re-Emerging Infectious Disease”. This project seeks to understand how restoration affects disease threats.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Which animals are the most common carriers of these diseases?
Mosquitoes, rodents, and bats are the most frequent spreaders of these zoonotic illnesses.
Why is there a lack of data in Africa and Latin America?
Most scientific research is currently funded and conducted within wealthier countries. This leaves high-risk, lower-income regions understudied.
What is the purpose of the new online atlas?
The atlas helps policymakers identify where land-use changes increase disease risks. It also shows where restoration could help.
Is all ecosystem restoration risky?
No, protecting existing natural habitats and wetlands usually reduces the risk of mosquito-borne diseases.
