The year 2023 has witnessed India grappling with persistent human rights issues, reflecting in discriminatory policies, communal violence, and restricted freedoms. Under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, discriminatory policies persist, leading to stigmatization of religious and other minorities, said Human Rights Watch in its comprehensive World Report 2024.
The repercussions include a surge in communal violence across the country, notably in Manipur state, where ethnic clashes claimed hundreds of lives.
LAW ENFORCEMENT FAILURES AND ADMINISTRATIVE BIASES
Law enforcement in states governed by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) often fails to investigate crimes against minorities adequately. Furthermore, administrative officials resort to punitive measures against victim communities, exacerbating tensions. Constitutional authorities meant to protect diverse groups demonstrate a lack of independence, raising concerns about accountability.
DIGITAL INFRASTRUCTURE CHALLENGES AND INTERNET SHUTDOWNS
While the government promotes digital public infrastructure for enhanced service delivery, challenges persist, the report said. Rampant internet shutdowns, privacy concerns, and uneven access in rural areas hinder the effectiveness of these efforts, impacting social and economic services.
INDIA’S GLOBAL ROLE AND G20 SUMMIT
Despite domestic challenges, India, holding the G20 presidency, advocated for inclusivity by proposing the African Union’s inclusion as a permanent member. This move aimed to make the group more representative on the global stage, showcasing India’s diplomatic initiatives amid internal concerns.
JAMMU AND KASHMIR: CONTINUED RESTRICTIONS
The restrictions on free expression persist in Jammu and Kashmir, with reports of extrajudicial killings by security forces. Critics and human rights defenders face arrests and spurious charges, exemplifying a broader suppression of dissent.
IMPUNITY FOR SECURITY FORCE ABUSES
Allegations of torture and extrajudicial killings persist, raising questions about accountability. The government’s reluctance to prosecute soldiers accused of killing coal miners in Nagaland fuels concerns about the Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA) shielding security forces from accountability.
RELIGIOUS MINORITIES, DALITS, AND TRIBAL GROUPS: ONGOING CHALLENGES
Communal violence in Haryana and Manipur underscores challenges faced by religious minorities. The authorities’ response, including illegal demolitions and detentions, sparks debates on ethnic cleansing. In Manipur, divisive political patronage and stigmatization contribute to a slow government response.
FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION UNDER THREAT
Efforts to silence civil society activists, journalists, and political opponents intensify through legal threats and charges. Cases against opposition leader Rahul Gandhi and raids on news organizations like NewsClick highlight concerns about freedom of expression and political dissent.
PRIVACY CONCERNS AND ONLINE CONTENT REGULATION
New laws on personal data protection and online content regulation grant the government broad surveillance powers. Privacy rights, media freedom, and freedom of expression online face challenges, with arbitrary censorship powers granted to authorities.
WOMEN’S AND CHILDREN’S RIGHTS: UPHILL BATTLES
Delayed investigations into sexual abuse allegations against influential figures expose barriers to justice. Laws addressing sexual harassment at work lack proper enforcement, while children face risks of exclusion from education and exploitation.
DISABILITY RIGHTS AND LGBTQ+ ISSUES
Concerns persist regarding the deinstitutionalization of people with disabilities. The Supreme Court’s decision not to legalize same-sex marriages raises questions about LGBTQ+ rights in the country.
REFUGEE RIGHTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS
Detention of Rohingya refugees and dilution of forest conservation laws pose challenges. The government’s actions in Manipur and environmental legislation changes raise questions about its commitment to human rights.
INTERNATIONAL ENGAGEMENT AND ABSTENTIONS
India’s engagement with the international community reveals tensions, with abstentions on crucial UN resolutions. Concerns raised by the European Parliament and reluctance from key global leaders to address human rights issues in bilateral talks underscore India’s diplomatic challenges.
URGENT NEED FOR REFLECTION AND ACTION
As India grapples with multifaceted human rights challenges, the Human Rights Watch called for urgent reflection and action. The international community’s role in addressing these concerns and holding India accountable for its commitments become crucial in shaping a more just and inclusive future.
