Seventy six per cent of the global population does not meet recommended intakes of omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA, says a global study. Researchers from the University of East Anglia, University of Southampton, and Holland & Barrett reveal that. This large nutritional gap poses serious risks to public health worldwide.
This study is the first to comprehensively review international omega-3 intake guidelines for all healthy age groups.
Why EPA and DHA Intake Matters for Everyone
Omega-3 fatty acids EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) are essential long-chain omega-3 fatty acids with proven health benefits at all life stages. These nutrients support heart health, brain function, immune defense, and reduce risks of depression and cognitive decline.
Professor Anne Marie Minihane from UEA states, “There are wide gaps between recommended omega-3 intake and what people actually consume. Sustainable solutions like enriched foods or supplements are urgently needed to close this divide.”
The Challenge of Meeting Omega-3 Recommendations
Dr. Abbie Cawood from Southampton and Holland & Barrett explains that getting enough EPA and DHA from diet alone is difficult, especially in populations with low fish consumption. Approximately 250 mg of EPA and DHA daily is recommended for adults, while pregnant women need slightly more to support fetal development.
Many people fall short because oily fish is not a regular part of their diet or due to concerns about sustainability. This creates real barriers to achieving ideal omega-3 levels.
Global Guidelines: Confusion and Inconsistency
This global review highlights how omega-3 guidelines vary significantly by country, leading to confusion among consumers and healthcare providers. It emphasizes the need for consistent, evidence-based recommendations worldwide and guidance tailored to regions outside Europe and North America.
For example, Latin America and Asian countries including India currently lack clear public guidelines for safe omega-3 intakes and supplementation.
Supporting Future Nutrition and Industry Developments
The research team and Holland & Barrett aim to use these findings to guide nutritional science, clinical practice, and product innovation. Providing sustainable, accessible omega-3 sources can help millions worldwide improve their health.
Professor Philip Calder of Southampton adds, “Clear, consistent messaging on omega-3 intake is essential so people know how much they need and how to get it.”
Health Benefits Across Life Stages
Omega-3 fatty acids play critical roles from infancy to old age:
Infants: Reduced preterm birth risk; supports brain and visual development
Adults: Cardiovascular health improvement; better immune response
Older Adults: Lower risk of depression and Alzheimer’s disease
Q: How much omega-3 do healthy adults require?
A: Most authorities recommend about 250 mg per day of combined EPA and DHA.
Q: Why do pregnant women need more omega-3?
A: DHA supports fetal brain development, with an additional 100-200 mg recommended during pregnancy.
Q: What are practical sources of omega-3?
A: Oily fish such as salmon and mackerel are rich sources; supplements can help bridge diet gaps.
Q: Can all populations meet omega-3 needs from food?
A: No, people in regions with low fish intake or sustainability concerns often require supplements.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Q1: What causes widespread omega-3 deficiency globally?
A1: Limited fish consumption, lack of awareness, and inconsistent guidelines create intake shortfalls.
Q2: Are omega-3 supplements necessary for everyone?
A2: Not always, but many people benefit from supplements, especially pregnant women and low-fish consumers.
Q3: How will this research affect public health policy?
A3: It will help harmonize guidelines, inform education, and support development of omega-3 enriched foods.
Q4: What are the consequences of low omega-3 intake?
A4: Increased risks of heart disease, cognitive decline, poor immune health, and developmental issues.
