Infectious diseases like malaria, dengue, and tuberculosis are as dangerous as new or emerging pathogens, according to a major international study led by The Global Health Network at Oxford and commissioned by Wellcome.
Experts from 151 countries, especially in low- and middle-income regions, report that climate change, poverty, and drug resistance are creating new challenges. These factors combine to create a slow-unfolding health crisis.
Drivers of Disease Escalation
Vector-borne diseases such as malaria and dengue are identified as the most rapidly escalating threats, followed by tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS. The main drivers are:
Climate change: Rising temperatures and shifting rainfall expand vector ranges and breeding sites.
Socioeconomic inequality: Poor living conditions and limited healthcare access increase vulnerability.
Antimicrobial resistance: Undermines treatment for many infections worldwide.
Global Health Systems Under Pressure
The study highlights that these threats are not sudden outbreaks. They represent a “creeping catastrophe” that steadily worsens. This is especially true in the Global South, where disease burdens are highest. Health systems are strained by extreme weather, displacement, and weakened infrastructure, making them less able to respond to disease surges.
Recommendations for Preparedness
Experts recommend sustained investment in diagnostics, surveillance, and equitable research partnerships to strengthen preparedness for both existing and future threats. Empowering local leadership and building lasting research capacity is essential to address the unique challenges faced by different regions.
FAQ: Global Infectious Disease Crisis
Which diseases are most affected by climate change? Malaria, dengue, and tuberculosis are spreading into new areas due to climate shifts.
How does poverty affect disease risk? Poverty limits access to healthcare, clean water, and sanitation, increasing vulnerability.
What can be done to combat antimicrobial resistance? Improved stewardship of antibiotics, better diagnostics, and global cooperation are crucial.
Why is equity important in global health? Equitable investment ensures all regions can respond to disease threats and build resilient health systems.