A recent study published in PLOS One (January) explores the various obstacles women face while exercising in gyms. The research, led by Emma Cowley from the SHE Research Centre in Ireland and Jekaterina Schneider from the University of the West of England, sheds light on issues like body image, gym attire, the physical environment, and interactions with others.
These barriers significantly affect women’s gym experiences and engagement in physical activities.
IMPACT OF EXERCISE ON WOMEN’S HEALTH
Exercise offers several health benefits, including improvements in physical, mental, and psychosocial well-being. Recent findings show that women gain more health advantages from regular exercise than men. These benefits include a lower risk of all-cause mortality. There is also a reduced likelihood of cardiovascular events. Despite an increase in gym memberships, women remain less active than men. The challenges women face within gym environments are largely underexplored.
STUDY DESIGN AND PARTICIPANT DEMOGRAPHICS
To better understand these challenges, Cowley and Schneider surveyed 279 women, with 84% being current gym-goers and 68.1% identifying as White. The survey, conducted online, aimed to capture insights into the physical and emotional barriers women face while exercising in gyms.
BARRIERS TO EXERCISE: BODY IMAGE AND JUDGEMENT
One of the most significant barriers identified was women’s perception of being judged based on their appearance and physical performance. Many participants expressed feeling a persistent sense of inadequacy. This judgment often extends beyond appearance. It includes how much space they take up in the gym. It also considers whether their exercise performance is deemed worthy. Additionally, some reported facing harassment and unsolicited comments from men, adding to the discomfort of gym environments.
GYM ATTIRE: A DOUBLE-EDGED SWORD
The research revealed that gym attire plays a complex role in shaping women’s gym experiences. Women choose clothing based on comfort and functionality. They also face societal pressures regarding how they should look in the gym. Comparisons with others influence their choices. Fear of judgment for not wearing branded clothes affects them too. Concerns about looking too polished also play a role. For many, gym attire serves to hide perceived “problem areas” like visible sweat stains. It is less about facilitating self-expression or comfort.
WOMEN’S RESISTANCE TO GENDERED NORMS
Despite the barriers, the study also highlighted signs of resistance. Many women showed a desire to challenge gendered expectations in gym spaces. For some, exercising in supportive environments was an empowering experience. Acquiring new skills also helped them break free from traditional gender roles. This resilience demonstrates that, despite societal pressures, women are finding ways to reclaim power in fitness spaces.
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
While the study provides valuable insights, the authors acknowledge several limitations. Most participants were White and heterosexual. They identified as “normal” weight and were able-bodied. These participants lived in Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic countries. This homogeneity restricts the generalizability of the findings. Further research should aim to include a more diverse sample. This will help gain a broader understanding of women’s gym experiences.
TOWARDS INCLUSIVITY AND SUPPORT IN GYM SPACES
The study’s authors suggest adopting a multi-level approach to make gym environments more inclusive and supportive for women. By addressing these barriers, the aim is to increase physical activity among women. It also seeks to reduce disengagement. Another goal is to foster a sense of comfort and empowerment. In doing so, women can more fully embrace the physical and mental health benefits of exercise.
STRUGGLE BETWEEN ‘TOO MUCH’ AND ‘NOT ENOUGH’
The authors conclude by emphasizing the emotional toll gym spaces can have on women. In these environments, women often feel caught between being “too much” or “not enough.” They face judgment for their looks. Their performance and even how much space they occupy are also judged. While the pressure to conform to an ultra-thin ideal is waning, new challenges are emerging. The growing focus on muscularity and athleticism is forming new beauty standards. These standards are unrealistic and can damage women’s body image and overall well-being.
This study highlights the significant psychological and physical barriers that hinder women’s full participation in gym activities. But it also underscores the importance of supportive, inclusive spaces where women can exercise without fear of judgment or discrimination. By addressing these concerns, gyms can create environments that empower women, fostering a healthier, more active society.