India has officially expanded its commitment to environmental conservation by adding two new locations to the List of Wetlands of International Importance, commonly known as the Ramsar List.
The inclusion of Chhari Dhand in Gujarat and Patna Bird Sanctuary in Uttar Pradesh brings the country’s total number of designated Ramsar Sites to 98.
Chhari Dhand: A Seasonal Wonder in Gujarat
Located in the state of Gujarat, Chhari Dhand (Site no. 2588) serves as a vital ecological bridge between the arid grasslands of Banni and the famous salt flats of Kachchh. This seasonal saline wetland undergoes a dramatic transformation during the monsoon season. As it floods, it forms extensive water bodies that create a thriving habitat for a diverse range of flora and fauna.
The site is home to unique vegetation adapted to arid conditions, such as the Indian gum tragacanth and the critically endangered Indian bdellium-tree. Furthermore, Chhari Dhand is a prestigious wintering ground for migratory waterfowl. Notably, the area supports approximately 30,000 common cranes annually, alongside other threatened species like the critically endangered sociable lapwing and the vulnerable common pilchard.
While invasive species currently threaten the site’s health, the government has developed robust restoration plans. These efforts involve collaborations between local agencies, NGOs, and community groups to ensure long-term conservation.
Patna Bird Sanctuary: A Biodiversity Hotspot in Uttar Pradesh
The second new addition, Patna Bird Sanctuary (Site no. 2589) in Uttar Pradesh, offers a different ecological profile consisting of freshwater marshes, woodlands, and grasslands. Surrounded by an agricultural landscape, this mosaic of habitats supports an impressive level of biodiversity, including 178 recorded bird species and 252 plant species.
BirdLife International has designated this site as an Important Bird and Biodiversity Area (IBA) due to its critical role in supporting waterbird populations. Beyond birds, the sanctuary provides a home for larger, regionally characteristic animals, such as the vulnerable broad-snouted crocodile.
Balancing Tourism and Conservation
Patna Bird Sanctuary is a popular destination for nature-based recreation and religious tourism. However, these human activities, along with the spread of invasive species, exert significant pressure on the delicate ecosystem. Consequently, authorities have implemented several conservation measures, including:
- Regular removal of invasive plant species.
- Stricter regulation and monitoring of tourism.
- Continuous tracking of migratory bird patterns and screening for avian influenza.
Q&A: India’s Expanding Ramsar Network
What is the significance of the Ramsar List?
The Ramsar List identifies wetlands that are of significant value to the world due to their ecology, botany, zoology, or hydrology. Being on this list encourages international cooperation for the “wise use” and conservation of these areas.
How many Ramsar sites does India now have?
With the addition of Chhari Dhand and Patna Bird Sanctuary, India now possesses 98 Ramsar Sites.
Which rare species can be found at these new sites?
Chhari Dhand hosts the critically endangered sociable lapwing and the Indian bdellium-tree. Patna Bird Sanctuary supports the broad-snouted crocodile and is a designated IBA for various waterbirds.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
- Where is Chhari Dhand located?
Chhari Dhand is situated in the state of Gujarat, nestled between the Banni grasslands and the Kachchh salt flats.
- Is Patna Bird Sanctuary a freshwater or saltwater wetland?
It is a freshwater wetland system composed of marshes, woodlands, and grasslands.
- What are the main threats to these wetlands?
Both sites face significant challenges from invasive species. Additionally, Patna Bird Sanctuary faces pressure from high volumes of religious and nature-based tourism.
- How many common cranes visit Chhari Dhand each year?
Approximately 30,000 common cranes use the site as a wintering ground annually.
- Who manages the restoration of Chhari Dhand?
Restoration is a collaborative effort involving local government agencies, NGOs, and community groups.
