With the ability to generate ultra-high temperatures and pressures, Fusion technology can halve travel times to Mars and significantly shorten journeys to distant celestial bodies. Taking this into account, Pulsar Fusion, based in Bletchley, UK, is developing the largest fusion rocket engine to showcase the transformative potential of nuclear fusion propulsion in space travel.
The core of nuclear fusion propulsion involves creating conditions akin to those within the Sun, with ultra-high temperatures and pressures. However, achieving a stable and safe plasma confinement within an electromagnetic field presents significant challenges.
To overcome these obstacles, Pulsar Fusion has joined forces with Princeton Satellite Systems in the US to leverage machine-learning algorithms. These advanced computational models will enhance predictions of plasma behaviour and enable precise control of the fusion process, which is comparable to managing a complex weather system.
THE LAUNCH
The ambitious project aims to initiate firing of the fusion rocket engine in 2027. The engine’s chamber, measuring 8 meters (26 feet) in length, will reach temperatures several hundred million degrees Celsius, surpassing the heat of the Sun. This immense energy release has the potential to propel rockets at speeds of 500,000 miles (804,672 kilometres) per hour.
The specific engine being developed is a Direct Fusion Drive (DFD), where charged particles generate thrust directly, eliminating the need for electricity conversion. DFD is highly efficient and utilizes atomic isotopes as a power source, reducing the requirement for a large fuel payload.
Richard Dinan, CEO of Pulsar Fusion, expresses confidence in humanity’s capability to achieve fusion and believes it is inevitable for space propulsion. This groundbreaking technology holds immense promise not only for faster space travel but also for the prospect of almost limitless clean energy on Earth.
While demonstrating fusion propulsion’s potential in space is the primary focus, scientists also highlight the broader implications for energy generation on our planet. By harnessing nuclear fusion, we can unlock an abundant and environmentally friendly source of power.
PULASAR FUSION
Pulsar Fusion, headquartered in Oxfordshire, U.K., has expanded its business beyond fusion research to include product development aimed at generating revenue. Alongside ongoing research, the company has ventured into two key areas: the creation of a Hall-effect electric thruster for spacecraft and the development of a second-stage hybrid rocket engine.
By diversifying its product portfolio, Pulsar Fusion aims to generate revenue while continuing its fusion research endeavours. The Hall-effect electric thruster offers a promising solution for spacecraft propulsion, while the hybrid rocket engine serves as a versatile second-stage propulsion system.
In recognition of its expertise and potential, Pulsar Fusion secured funding from the U.K. Space Agency in 2022. This funding enables collaboration with the Nuclear Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre and Cambridge University to develop a nuclear-fission based propulsion system. This partnership aims to explore new frontiers in space propulsion by harnessing the power of nuclear fission.
