The dry eye disease has surfaced as one of the most prevalent ocular conditions in today’s digital era. It affects an estimated 20-50 per cent of adults worldwide. With an increasing trend of prolonged digital device use accompanied by the changing lifestyle and environmental patterns, dry eye is now an emerging condition which requires increased awareness amongst all. Dry eyes refer to a condition that affects the eyes those results from inadequate moisture or lubrication on their surface. This condition can arise from a reduction in tear production, known as aqueous deficient type. Alternatively, it can result from tears evaporating too quickly, known as evaporative type. Both lead to inflammation of the eye’s surface.
Dry eyes can greatly impact one’s quality of life by leading to discomfort and visual complaints in individuals. The most frequent symptoms include a burning or stinging sensation. A gritty or sandy feeling may occur in the eyes. There may be increased tearing due to irritation. Patients might experience heightened sensitivity to light and blurred vision.
An in-depth eye examination by an ophthalmologist or eye specialist is required to diagnose this condition. Treatment primarily depends on the underlying cause and severity of dry eyes. Treatment alternatives range from artificial tears, eye gels, and ointments to anti-inflammatory eye drops, addressing any underlying lid issues, and in more severe cases, advanced therapies like serum eye drops and bandage contact lenses. Also, severe and complicated cases of dry eye disease may warrant surgical intervention as advised by an eye specialist.
Dry eye disease is a multifactorial condition, where identifying the underlying cause plays a key role in managing and targeting the disease. Therefore, if dry eye symptoms persist, it is crucial to consult a specialist. In an era of digital transformation it is essential to prioritise eye health and proactive care now more than ever for everyone.
Common reasons and risk factors associated with dry eyes
Age: Aging is linked to a decrease in tear production, especially in individuals over 50.
Gender: Women, particularly those who are post-menopausal or undergoing hormonal therapy, face a higher risk because of hormonal shifts that effect tear production.
Environmental factors: Factors like air conditioning, smoke, wind, low humidity, and arid climates can cause increased evaporation of tears and worsen symptoms.
Overuse of digital devices: Extended periods of screen time can reduce the blink rate, resulting in dry eyes.
Medical conditions: Conditions like diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and thyroid issues can play a role in contributing to dry eyes.
Medications: Drugs such as antihistamines, decongestants, blood pressure medications, and antidepressants can lessen tear production.
Lifestyle Factors: Smoking and the use of contact lenses have been associated with a higher incidence of dry eye disease (DED).
Protection Tips from dry eyes
DO’S
Frequent conscious blinking when using computer or mobile phones helps in the uniform distribution of tear film.
Constraining time spent on screens and consistently taking breaks to look away from digital devices can help reduce eye strain.
Adjusting your surroundings by utilising humidifiers in arid conditions and setting air conditioning temperatures at 23 degrees celsius or higher is advisable.
Staying well hydrated supports the maintenance of a healthy tear film.
When outside, wearing sunglasses and protective eyewear helps shield your eyes from wind, dust, and UV rays, which can lead to dry eyes.
Including foods or supplements that are high in omega-3 fatty acids (such as fish, walnuts, and flaxseeds) can enhance tear quality.
DONT’s
Avoid direct air from fans, ACs or heaters.
Avoid sleeping with eye make up on as it may worsen symptoms of dry eyes.
Refrain from overuse of contact lens
(Dr Naresh Purohit is Advisor-National Programme For Control Of Blindness. The views expressed are that of the author)