From indigenous hunter-gatherers to Iranian-related farmers and herders from the central Eurasian steppe, each group has left an indelible mark on the genetic mosaic of India. Through groundbreaking genomic analysis, researchers have peeled back the layers of time to uncover the rich ancestral heritage that defines the genetic landscape of the subcontinent.
RACING ANCESTRAL POPULATIONS
In a landmark study published on bioRxiv, researchers embarked on the largest-ever whole-genome analysis of South Asian populations, led by renowned population geneticist Priya Moorjani from the University of California, Berkeley. By sequencing over 2700 modern Indian genomes, the study aimed to unravel the origins and interactions of India’s ancestral groups.
UNVEILING ANCIENT MIGRATION PATTERNS
Through meticulous analysis and simulation, researchers traced the origins of Iranian-related farmers to an ancient agricultural centre called Sarazm in present-day Tajikistan. This groundbreaking revelation not only sheds light on the pathways of ancient migration but also highlights the cultural exchanges that shaped the region’s history.
SURPRISING DISCOVERIES IN ARCHAIC DNA
Perhaps the most intriguing findings emerged from the analysis of archaic DNA. Indians exhibit a remarkable richness of Neanderthal and Denisovan genes, surpassing even European populations. Approximately 90% of known Neanderthal genes are present in Indian genomes, indicating extensive interbreeding with our archaic cousins.
As the study unravels new chapters in India’s genetic saga, it underscores the enduring legacy of ancient migrations and genetic admixture. Through cutting-edge genomic analysis, researchers continue to unravel the mysteries of human evolution, illuminating the intricate tapestry of ancestry that defines our shared human heritage.
