On August 1, 2024, the European Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act) officially enters into force, marking a significant milestone in the regulation of AI technologies within the European Union. The Act aims to ensure the responsible development and deployment of artificial intelligence while safeguarding citizens’ health, safety, and fundamental rights.
The AI Act was proposed by the European Commission in April 2021 and received approval from the European Parliament and the Council in December 2023. This groundbreaking regulation establishes a uniform framework across all EU member states, providing clear guidelines and obligations for the use of AI.
KEY FEATURES OF THE AI ACT
The AI Act introduces a risk-based approach to AI regulation, categorized into four distinct levels:
- Minimal Risk: Most AI systems, such as spam filters and AI-enabled video games, are considered minimal risk and are not subject to the Act’s obligations. However, companies may choose to adopt additional codes of conduct voluntarily.
- Specific Transparency Risk: Systems like chatbots must disclose that users are interacting with a machine. AI-generated content must also be clearly labelled.
- High Risk: High-risk AI systems, including those used in medical software or recruitment, face stringent requirements. These include risk-mitigation measures, high-quality data sets, clear user information, and human oversight.
- Unacceptable Risk: AI systems that enable “social scoring” by governments or companies are banned due to their threat to fundamental rights.
EU’S AMBITION TO LEAD IN SAFE AI
The EU aims to be a global leader in safe AI by developing a regulatory framework grounded in human rights and fundamental values. This approach seeks to create an AI ecosystem that benefits everyone, leading to advancements in healthcare, safer transport, and improved public services. It also promises innovative products and services, particularly in energy, security, and healthcare, while enhancing productivity and efficiency in manufacturing.
Benefits for Businesses and Governments
For businesses, the AI Act is expected to foster innovation and efficiency, particularly in sectors like energy and manufacturing. Governments will benefit from more cost-effective and sustainable services in areas such as transport, energy, and waste management.
CONSULTATION ON GENERAL-PURPOSE AI (GPAI) MODELS
In line with the AI Act, the European Commission has launched a consultation on a Code of Practice for providers of general-purpose AI (GPAI) models. This Code aims to address crucial areas such as transparency, copyright-related rules, and risk management.
Consultation Details
The consultation invites feedback from GPAI providers operating in the EU, as well as from businesses, civil society representatives, rights holders, and academic experts. The input collected will contribute to the Commission’s draft of the Code of Practice on GPAI models.
TIMELINE AND NEXT STEPS
Provisions related to GPAI will become applicable in 12 months. The European Commission expects to finalize the Code of Practice by April 2025. Additionally, feedback from the consultation will guide the work of the AI Office, responsible for overseeing the implementation and enforcement of the AI Act’s rules on GPAI.
The European AI Act represents a pivotal shift in AI regulation, setting a global benchmark for responsible AI practices. By addressing various risk levels and establishing clear guidelines, the Act aims to protect citizens while fostering innovation. As the AI landscape evolves, the EU’s regulatory framework will play a crucial role in shaping the future of AI technology and its impact on society.
