Expectant parents have long played music to connect with their unborn children. Now, research suggests it may stabilize fetal heart rates, offering developmental benefits.
A study published in Chaos by AIP Publishing examined the effects of classical music on fetal heartbeats. Researchers from multiple institutions in Mexico used mathematical analysis to study heart rate variability.
Heart rate variability measures the time between individual beats. Higher variability often indicates better fetal autonomic nervous system development.
HOW THE STUDY WAS CONDUCTED
Researchers recruited 36 pregnant women and played two classical pieces for their fetuses:
- The Swan by Camille Saint-Saëns
- Arpa de Oro by Abundio Martínez
External heart rate monitors recorded responses. Using nonlinear recurrence quantification analysis, researchers identified changes in heart rate variability before, during, and after exposure.
KEY FINDINGS
“Music exposure resulted in more stable and predictable fetal heart rate patterns,” said researcher Claudia Lerma. “This may stimulate fetal autonomic nervous system development.”
The study also found differences between the two compositions. While both had an effect, Arpa de Oro produced more predictable heart rate patterns.
WHY ONE SONG HAD A GREATER IMPACT
“When comparing The Swan with Arpa de Oro, we noticed significant differences,” said Eric Alonso Abarca-Castro. “The Mexican guitar melody had a stronger effect, possibly due to rhythm, melodic structure, or cultural familiarity.”
The findings suggest that classical music may promote fetal health. “Short-term exposure to quiet music may benefit fetal autonomic system development,” Abarca-Castro advised.
FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS
Researchers plan to explore the impact of different musical genres. “We aim to increase our sample size. This will help determine if rhythm or cultural variations affect fetal cardiac responses. We also plan to expand into diverse musical styles,” said José Javier Reyes-Lagos.
Encouraging parents to introduce soothing music during pregnancy may provide early developmental advantages for unborn children.
