India, which is one of the ten countries having good forest coverage, is going to loss a major part of the forest area n the coming years with climate change being the major villain. Quite contrary to official reports that the loss would be minimal in the coming years, a group of researchers finds that climate change is going to impact further forest area in the country.
In the first ever national-scale study of the relationship between forest loss and rainfall and temperature trends, the forest lose is going to be a even bigger problem than anticipated in the coming years.
CONTRAST TO EARLIER STUDY
The new research is in contrast to official reports that show relatively small decreases in forest coverage in recent years. It warns the rapid changes to the climate observed in some regions will necessitate targeted preservation action and funding to reduce the risk to biodiversity in India.
The study led by the University of Reading noted that climate change may have contributed to large declines since the turn of the century, exacerbating already worrying deforestation largely driven by agricultural expansion in the country.
SOME CAUSES
Lead author Alice Haughan said: “India has seen dramatic forest loss in recent decades, with land use changes to accommodate crops, livestock and a growing population cited as causes. While the contribution of land use change to forest loss has been studied extensively, little attention has been given to the role of climate change in recent decreases.
“The rapid changes to the climate we identified suggest India’s forest loss in the coming decades could be far worse than feared, as deforestation is Jonly one part of the problem. The high levels of reduction seen are also concerning for biodiversity, as India relies on connected forests for wildlife preservation.”
The new study, published in Global Change Biology, looked at forest loss between 2001 and 2018. In the study, the authors calculated the velocity of changes to the climate for the first time, a relatively new technique used to quantify climate change and reveal the rate at which it is impacting a country. They also analysed variability in climate change impacts across different regions and seasons. In this aspect, the researchers noted that the impact of climate change on forest loss varied greatly between different locations and seasons. They showed that decreases in rainfall have the strongest effect on increasing forest loss, with temperature decreases in some regions also having a negative impact.
The study pointed out that research until now largely focused on annual changes to India’s climate, which masked more dramatic changes to temperature and rainfall within seasons, such as the monsoon seasons.
INDIAN FOREST
India is in the top 10 countries in the world for forest coverage, with tropical and subtropical forests covering more than a fifth of the country. India is also one of the most biodiverse countries, containing 8% of the world’s biodiversity and four recognised biodiversity hotspots. An estimated 47,000 plant species and 89,000 animal species can be found in the country, with more than 10% of each thought to be on the list of threatened species. Around 5,500 plant species are thought to be endemic to India.
