Ephesus stands as one of the largest and most awe-inspiring ancient cities in the world. It’s also one of Turkey’s most culturally significant archaeological treasures. In 2015, UNESCO recognized its global importance by adding it to the World Heritage Site list.
Nestled just 80 kilometers inland from İzmir, Ephesus is easily accessible. It lies near the picturesque towns of Selçuk and Şirince, blending ancient history with modern charm.
A ROMAN JEWEL WITH DEEP HISTORICAL ROOTS
Ephesus dates back to the Neolithic period. Nevertheless, it flourished under the Roman Empire as the capital of Asia Minor. It became the second most important city in the empire after Rome itself. Its educated, wealthy population built grand structures that mirrored their prosperity and sophistication.
Today, visitors walk among ruins that tell tales of glory, power, and spiritual depth.
EPHESUS AND CHRISTIAN HISTORY
Ephesus is also a major landmark in Christian tradition. It’s believed that St. Paul wrote the “First Letter to the Corinthians” here. St. John is also said to have penned his Gospel in this sacred city.
Another powerful legend places the Virgin Mary’s final days here. St. Mary’s Basilica remains one of the most visited religious sites in the region.
LIBRARY OF CELSUS
The Library of Celsus is perhaps the most iconic structure in Ephesus. It was built in 125 AD to honor Tiberius Julius Celsus Polemaeanus, a Roman governor. Celsus funded the library with his own wealth and was buried beneath it in a marble sarcophagus. The reconstructed façade remains a visual masterpiece and a favorite photo spot.
THE GREAT THEATER
This massive open-air theater could once seat 25,000 people, making it the largest in the ancient world. Originally used for drama and public events, it later hosted gladiator fights. Its scale and acoustics still impress visitors today.
THE ODEON
The Odeon was built around 150 AD by Publius Vedius Antoninus and his wife. It is a smaller, roofed theater that held up to 1,500 people. It was used for concerts and plays. With Corinthian columns made of red granite, the structure is an architectural gem.
TEMPLE OF HADRIAN
Dating back to the 2nd century, this elegant temple underwent 4th-century repairs and was later reconstructed from original fragments. The intricate carvings are now preserved in the Ephesus Archaeological Museum.
TEMPLE OF THE SEBASTOI (DOMITIAN)
Once dedicated to Emperor Domitian, this large temple was later rededicated to his father, Vespasian. Though only the grand staircase remains, it still hints at its former magnificence.
AQUEDUCT SYSTEM
Ephesus boasted one of the ancient world’s most advanced water systems. At least six aqueducts served various parts of the city, powering water mills, bathhouses, and even a sawmill.
AGORAS
As a wealthy and bustling city, Ephesus had multiple agoras or marketplaces. Some were for daily trade, while others hosted civic and political gatherings. Many of these agoras have been carefully restored for modern visitors.
BASILICA OF ST. JOHN
Located near Selçuk, the Basilica of St. John was built in the 6th century by Emperor Justinian I. It’s believed to have been constructed over the tomb of St. John, one of Jesus’s apostles. Today, it remains a pilgrimage site and a cornerstone of Christian history.
DISCOVER EPHESUS FOR YOURSELF
Ephesus is more than just ruins—it’s a gateway to ancient life, culture, and belief. Whether you’re drawn to Roman architecture, Christian heritage, or just love timeless stories, Ephesus offers something for everyone.
Start your journey through this ancient marvel and find your favorite spot among its many wonders.
