Higher concentrations of caffeine in the blood are linked to reduced BMI and overall body fat mass, according to a recent study by the Karolinska Institute in Sweden, the University of Bristol, and Imperial College London in the UK.
In the study, the researchers established a more conclusive connection between genetic markers, caffeine concentrations, BMI (Body Mass Index), and type 2 diabetes risk. Additionally, individuals with higher predicted caffeine levels also exhibit a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. Notably, approximately half of caffeine’s impact on type 2 diabetes risk was attributed to its influence on reducing BMI.
THE METHOD
The study, which drew data from nearly 10,000 individuals sourced from existing genetic databases, centered around specific genetic variations associated with the rate at which caffeine is metabolized. The variations primarily involved genes like CYP1A2 and its regulatory gene AHR. Those with slower caffeine metabolism rates due to these variations tend to have higher caffeine levels in their blood for longer durations, despite consuming less caffeine overall.
Mendelian randomization, a research approach used to identify potential causal relationships, was employed to examine the connections between these genetic variations, BMI, diabetes risk, and lifestyle factors. While the research established a significant correlation between caffeine levels, BMI, and type 2 diabetes risk, no parallel relationship was discovered between blood caffeine levels and cardiovascular diseases like atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and stroke.
Although previous studies have associated moderate caffeine consumption with improved heart health and lower BMI, this new research provides more nuanced insights into caffeine’s effects on the body. However, it’s important to note that caffeine’s impact on health isn’t uniformly positive, necessitating careful consideration when evaluating its benefits.
The study postulates that caffeine’s association with increased thermogenesis (heat production) and fat oxidation (conversion of fat to energy) in the body may underlie the observed outcomes. These processes are pivotal components of overall metabolism. While this research presents a substantial sample size and robust methodology, further investigations are required to establish definitive cause-and-effect relationships. Mendelian randomization, while insightful, may not account for all contributing factors.
Given the widespread consumption of caffeine globally, even its minor metabolic effects could hold substantial health implications, as underscored by the researchers. Although this study provides valuable insights, understanding the long-term effects of coffee intake necessitates ongoing research.
