The global workforce is undergoing a major transformation. Artificial intelligence, robotics, and digitalization are changing how people work. The UN’s International Labour Organization (ILO) sees these technologies as both a blessing and a warning. A new ILO report titled Revolutionizing Health and Safety: The Role of AI and Digitalization at Work outlines how automation is improving worker well-being. But it also cautions that these tools bring fresh challenges that require urgent regulation.
Robots now take on hazardous tasks, assist surgeons, and optimize logistics. AI-powered systems monitor health risks, streamline workloads, and increase productivity. Even in low-tech industries, digital tools now improve safety. These advances are redefining jobs and minimizing workplace danger. Yet without thoughtful policies, the same technologies could expose workers to new forms of harm.
ROBOTS: REPLACING RISK WITH INNOVATION
ILO’s findings stress how robotics help eliminate the “3D jobs” — those that are dirty, dangerous, and demeaning. By automating repetitive factory tasks and physically risky work, robots keep workers safe. In healthcare, surgical robots reduce human error. In construction, drones assess danger zones.
“Digitalization can enhance safety across all job sectors,” said ManalAzzi, ILO’s OSH Policy Lead. “But we must ensure these innovations are introduced without creating new threats.”
Still, over-reliance on automation could create blind spots. Workers who maintain or operate robots may face injury from malfunctioning machines. Poorly designed exoskeletons or wearable devices may also cause physical strain. Without proper design, human-robot interaction could lead to accidents.
Digital Benefits with Hidden Costs
Advanced digital tools like virtual reality, environmental sensors, and wearables are revolutionizing worker health. These tools detect dangers in real time, monitor air quality, and support hybrid and remote work. Flexibility and reduced exposure to pollutants improve mental well-being and overall safety.
However, the ILO warns that always-on connectivity can blur work-life boundaries. Algorithm-driven workloads may overload employees, leading to burnout. The pressure to meet digital metrics adds stress. Continuous performance tracking may feel invasive, hurting mental health.
The report also highlights risks across the digital supply chain. From mining raw materials for electronics to managing e-waste, workers face significant health threats. These often-overlooked roles power the digital revolution but suffer the greatest exposure.
REGULATION NEEDS TO CATCH UP
According to the ILO, policy gaps remain a major issue. Many countries lack comprehensive laws to govern health and safety in the digital age. The organization urges swift action at global, national, and regional levels.
ILO’s OSH conventions (Nos. 155 and 187) offer frameworks to ensure safety in digital workplaces. These need updating and stronger enforcement to reflect today’s technological realities.
Governments are now considering new laws for robotics, AI, and telework safety. These include rules for disconnecting outside work hours, ethical algorithmic management, and hybrid work protections. But progress is slow, and many gaps remain.
EMPOWERING WORKERS IN A DIGITAL WORLD
The ILO emphasizes that workers must be involved in tech adoption. Training programs and safety awareness campaigns are essential. Employees need to understand how to safely use AI, wearables, and collaborative robots.
Long-term research is crucial. Policymakers must study how digital tools affect workers over time. This includes examining mental strain, physical health, and changes in job roles.
The future of work is digital—but it must also be safe. With strong safeguards, digital transformation can protect lives, reduce accidents, and boost well-being. Without them, it could become a silent health crisis.
